Sessions

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Organised by: Johnson & Johnson Global Public Health

Confirming the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is a major challenge, especially in very young children. For drug-resistant TB, this means that children may end up on suboptimal therapy or even on no therapy at all.
Researchers around the world have explored how to improve the diagnosis of TB in children. In this satellite session, we plan to facilitate the sharing of learnings from paediatric TB experts on how healthcare providers and  national TB programmes can improve the identification of children with TB so that they receive appropriate care.

09:45 - 10:00: Epidemiology of childhood TB and drug-resistant TB Prof Seddon will describe the current epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis

James Seddon

10:00 - 10:15: Symptom-based approach to diagnosing childhood TB. What next? Variable presentations of tuberculosis (TB) among children present a unique challenge. In many instances, objective diagnostic  modalities (eg sputum culture or molecular methods) are suboptimal so physicians have to rely on 'clinical' judgement,  supplemented by epidemiological information, to make a diagnosis. Canwe do better?

Ben Marais

10:15 - 10:30: Research agenda to improve TB treatment outcomes in children The world has made some progress in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) disease. It is imperative that children not be  just a footnote to this progress, but that they are included in efforts to find more effective and better tolerated drug regimen for DR-TB. 
Prof Hesseling will discuss current gaps in the treatment of childhood DR-TB, some of the ongoing research activities to address these gaps  and the way forward to ensure that children benefit from advances in the treatment of DR-TB.

Anneke Hesseling

10:30 - 10:45: Challenges in diagnosing and treating TB in children Children have been neglected in the fight against tuberculosis (TB). Despite being the number one infectious disease killer, TB does  not feature on the child survival agendas. There is need to elevate childhood TB to the top of the agenda and we do what  needs to be done to ensure that no child unnecessarily dies from TB, if we truly intend to eliminate TB.

Farhana Amanullah

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Organised by: Uppsala University and Carlos III University
The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Accelerator is a recently formed consortium of over 50 partners, unified by a common goal of developing new tools and therapeutics to fight resistant pathogens, with a particular focus on targeting tuberculosis (TB) and Gram-negative bacteria.   The initiative is comprised of three core pillars: COMBINE, a capability building network; ERA4TB, a TB drug development  network; and portfolio building networks that include the projects TRIC-TB and RespiriTB. The scope of the AMR Accelerator is broad;  aiming to consolidate expertise under one structure to tackle AMR and accelerate the progression of antibiotics towards the clinic.

09:45 - 09:55: Innovative Medicines Initiative Antimicrobial Resistance Accelerator: structure and strategy Presentation of the consortium supporting all the projects in the Antimicrobial Resistance Accelerator: COMBINE

Karen O´Dwyer

09:55 - 10:10: The European Regimen Accelerator for Tuberculosis (ERA4TB): concept, vision and progress Presentation of the consortium looking at progressing antitubercular drugs within the Antimicrobial Resistance Accelerator: ERA4TB

Stewart Cole

10:10 - 10:20: Innovative Medicines Initiative Antimicrobial Resistance Accelerator: a new public-private partnership to tackle the antimicrobial resistance issue worldwide: Tric TB Presentation of Tric TB: portfolio building networks of the Antimicrobial Resistance Accelerator.

Michel Pieren

10:20 - 10:30: New approaches to targeting the respiratory chain of M. tuberculosis Presentation of RespiriTB: portfolio building network of the Antimicrobial Resistance Accelerator.

Meindert Lamers

10:30 - 10:45: Q&A session

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Organised by: QIAGEN
Global health experts are working to slow the COVID-19 pandemic – but responding to COVID-19 has also forced disruption of existing TB control programs around the globe. QIAGEN is committed to fighting COVID-19 and TB, developing innovative new testing solutions so that no one is left behind in the battle against pandemic lung diseases. Join our interactive symposium as we discuss QIAGEN's evolving solutions in two parts:
Part 1. QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB: A simple and accurate solution for decentralized TB infection screening
Currently in development, the QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB is a field-friendly, portable latent TB testing solution that will expand access to TB testing where it's needed the most. QIAGEN's assay development team will introduce the test and provide a scientific review of early performance data. This will be followed by first-hand experiences from ongoing trials of the test conducted in Zambia.

Part 2. Tackling TB and COVID-19 together: From centralized to decentralized testing
Stop TB and the WHO have highlighted the overlapping symptoms and risk groups shared by COVID-19 and TB. QIAGEN's Dr. Masae Kawamura will discuss shared disease etymologies and introduce QIAGEN's portfolio of cutting-edge solutions for both centralized and decentralized testing. Centralized solutions include: QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (TB) and QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel (SARS-CoV-2). Decentralized solutions include: QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB (TB), QIAreach Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (not available in all markets) and QIAreach SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test (SARS-CoV-2).
Products and product claims may differ from country to country based on regulations and approvals. Contact your country representative for further details.
QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB and QIAreach SARS-CoV-2 Antigen are currently under development and coming soon. QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB is intended for high-TB-burden countries.

09:45 - 09:50: Introduction


09:50 - 09:57: QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB: a simple and accurate solution for decentralised TB infection screening Currently in development, the QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB is a field-friendly, portable latent tuberculosis (TB) testing solution that will expand access to TB testing where it's needed the most. QIAGEN's assay development team will introduce the test and provide a scientific review of early performance data. This will be followed by first-hand experiences from ongoing trials of the test conducted in Zambia.

Kwame Shanaube

09:57 - 10:11: Tackling TB and COVID-19 together: from centralised to decentralised testing Stop TB and the World Health Organization have highlighted the overlapping symptoms and risk groups shared by COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). QIAGEN's Dr. Masae Kawamura will discuss shared disease etymologies and introduce QIAGEN's portfolio of cutting-edge solutions for both centralised and decentralised testing. Centralised solutions include: QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (TB) and QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel (SARS-CoV-2). Decentralised solutions include: QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB (TB), QIAreach Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (not available in all markets) and QIAreach SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test (SARS-CoV-2).

Masae Kawamura

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All E-posters are accessible via the "E-posters" section of the conference platform until 30 November.

EP11-197-22-Implementation of a mHealth strategy to increase linkage to and engagement in HIV care among people with TB and substance use in Irkutsk, SiberiaWe implemented a mobile health intervention designed to improve linkage and engagement in care for a tuberculosis/HIV co-infected, substance-using population in Irkutsk, Siberia. We evaluated the impact of this intervention, called MOCT (Russian for ‘bridge’), on various patient adherence measures as well as clinical outcomes over six months.
Jacqueline Hodges

EP11-198-22-Concomitant hepatitis B or C infection in patients with TB in the Netherlands: results of screening specific risk groupsThe Dutch Thoracic Society recommends screening specific risk groups of tuberculosis (TB) patients for hepatitis B and C. Data on this policy has been registered in the national TB register since 2019. Results show that this policy may contribute to elimination strategies set for these diseases in the Netherlands.
Jossy van den Boogaard

EP11-199-22-Impact of universal TB screening (TB-Surge) on HIV case finding in selected facilities. Lessons from the TB-Surge intervention in Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaUniversal tuberculosis (TB) screening - TB-Surge - was implemented to find missing TB cases in health facilities in AkwaIbom, a Nigerian state with high TB-HIV burden. Based on World Health Organization recommendation, HIV testing was offered to patients with presumptive TB. Universal TB screening can contribute significantly to early HIV diagnosis and commencement of antiretroviral theory (ART). 
Chukwuemeka Austin Ihesie

EP11-200-22-An assessment of free radical oxidation of small intestine enterocyte proteins in HIV-TB co-infectionThe article is devoted to the study of free radical processes in the mucous membrane of patients with HIV-TB co-infection. It is known that these processes are intensified under conditions of hypoxia, including cytotoxic origin caused by the inflammatory response in the lung tissue.
Liliia Todoriko

EP11-201-22-Monocyte and lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of TB among people living with HIV after antiretroviral therapy initiationIt is a challenge to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLWH) due to many of them having atypical presentation. We have demonstrated a simple tool that can help us predict TB incidence using monocytes to lymphocytes ratio (MLR) among HIV-infected people on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Sivaporn Gatechompol

EP11-202-22-Comorbidities in Filipino people with active-TB disease: baseline data from the Starting Anti-TB Treatment (St-ATT) cohortFilipino data on the prevalence and patterns of comorbidities of malnutrition, diabetes, hypertension and anaemia are scarce. Malnutrition (BMI <17.0 kg/m2) was a common comorbidity (23.1%) followed by diabetes (22.7%), hypertension (14.8%), then anaemia (13.4%). Having >=1 comorbidities was more common in those with drug-resistant TB than those with drug-sensitive TB (61.8% vs 54.6%, p=0.05).
Shuichi Jack Suzuki

EP11-203-22-Prevalence of disseminated TB in HIV-infected persons admitted with sepsis at a tertiary hospital in western KenyaDiagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis (TB) in Persons Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) has been a challenge especially in resource-limited settings. The World Health Organization recommends lateral flow lipoarabinomannan antigen assay (LF-LAM) to aid in the diagnosis of active TB in PLHIV. However, its uptake in Kenya is still wanting.
Caroline Gituku

EP11-204-22-Is TB a major comorbidity in adolescent girls and young women living with HIV? A case in Turkana and Homa Bay Counties, KenyaWe documented tuberculosis (TB) testing, diagnosis, treatment initiation and outcomes of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). AGYW received a comprehensive intervention including HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and treatment monitoring as well as increased access to GeneXpert MTB/RIF testing and alcohol acid fast bacilli, plus treatment of drug-sensitive TB with fixed dose combination.

Phelix Mboya

EP11-205-22-Is it necessary to screen for TB in diabetes patients and how to do it? An endocrinologist-based questionnaire survey in Hunan Province, ChinaIs it necessary to screen for tuberculosis (TB) in diabetes patients and how to do it? Let's see what the endocrinologists think and how they do it from an endocrinologist-based questionnaire survey in Hunan Province of China.
Chengli Bei

EP11-206-22-Prevalence of malarial and HIV co-infection among TB presumptive and asymptomatic children aged <5 years in Western KenyaWhile the intersection between HIV and tuberculosis (TB) is well documented, despite the high burden globally of TB and malaria among children, co-infection data is lacking. We studied the prevalence of malaria and HIV co-infection among Kenyan children aged <5 years with presumptive TB compared to asymptomatic controls.
Mark Fajans

EP11-207-22-Incidence of hypokalemia among drug-resistant TB patients receiving delamanid-containing regimen in LesothoA delamanid-containing regimen is commonly used in Lesotho even though it belongs to group C. This is mainly due to its safety profile as well as absence of drug-drug interaction with certain antiretroviral therapy (ART) and, as such, we investigate the incidence of hypokalemia in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients receiving a delamanid-containing regimen.
Lawrence Oyewusi

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All E-posters are accessible via the "E-posters" section of the conference platform until 30 November.

EP12-208-22-Comparison of neurocognitive assessment in children with TB Meningitis and healthy controls in Pune, IndiaTuberculosis meningitis (TBM) in children affects the brain adversely and results into neurological deficit. The study used The Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), a well-established measure, to assess neurocognitive impairment among children with TBM before treatment initiation and compared with age-sex matched, healthy controls in India.
Smita Nimkar

EP12-209-22-Effect of community-based interventions on childhood TB treatment outcomes in hard-to-reach areas of Southern NigeriaTreatment Success Rate (TSR) is an important World Health Organziation treatment outcome indicator that measures the quality of tuberculosis (TB) services. We report the effect of a community-based intervention on childhood TB treatment outcomes in hard-to-reach areas of Southern Nigeria.
Okechukwu Ezeakile

EP12-210-22-Fine needle aspiration biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes in children in a high TB incidence setting: practical experience in a referral hospitalPeripheral lymphadenopathy is common in children. We identified all children (<13 years) over a two-year period who had fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) done at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, and determined how well FNAB performed in routine practice in a high TB burden setting and whether children were appropriately managed.
H. Simon Schaaf

EP12-211-22-The adverse effects of prolonged home isolation on adolescents with TB in Lima, Peru: a qualitative studyPeru’s Ministry of Health mandates two months of home isolation for patients with tuberculosis (TB), despite data showing the majority become non-infectious in less time. Prolonged home isolation may negatively impact adolescents’ development. Peruvian study workers interviewed 34 adolescents with pulmonary TB and 15 health providers working in TB care.
Victoria Oliva Rapoport

EP12-212-22-Feasibility of testing paediatric samples for TB diagnosis: implications of the pre-analytical phase, lessons learned and challengesPaediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of death globally, mainly due to difficulties in diagnosis.  Laboratory confirmation is only obtained in a minority of cases due to the difficulty in obtaining samples. The main objective of this analysis was to evaluate the feasibility of a multisample, paediatric TB diagnostic approach.
Neide Gomes

EP12-213-22-A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of TB Meningitis and lymph node TB in childrenWe will discuss the results of a systematic review on the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis and lymph node tuberculosis (TB) in children with signs and symptoms of TB.
Alexander Kay

EP12-214-22-Paediatric TB care cascade: an assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice among healthcare providers in Pune district, IndiaThe dependency on sputum for diagnosis and the difficulty of getting it from younger children is the key challenge in the diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis. Household contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy are not being implemented effectively due to lack of awareness on the part of healthcare providers, especially in the private sector.
Jitesh Kuwatada

EP12-215-22-Knowledge, attitudes and practices around childhood TB among healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa and South-East AsiaWe share the results of a Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices (KAP) survey conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) at district level in five resource-limited countries. Our findings show great variability in awareness and experience of childhood tuberculosis (TB) case management and highlights potential barriers and facilitators to the decentralisation of childhood TB diagnosis.
Basant Joshi

EP12-216-22-Improving child TB notification through innovative case finding approaches in hard-to-reach areas of Delta State, NigeriaDespite the high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Delta State, Nigeria, the child TB proportion of all TB cases has remained low. A multipronged intervention was implemented in quarter three of 2018 to address the persistent barriers. Implementing a similar strategy nationwide in Nigeria could have a major public health impact.
Ufuoma Aduh

EP12-217-22-Progress towards updated policy guidance for World Health Organization- recommended best practices in paediatric TB/RR-TB careResults from the #StepUpforTB 2020 study show promising adoption of World Health Organization policy guidance for optimal paediatric tuberculosis (TB)/rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and latent TB infection management.  Evaluating implementation of national paediatric TB/RR-TB guidelines in routine clinical care is the next step to ensuring children and adolescents benefit from best practices.
Pilar Ustero

EP12-218-22-Reasons and routes of admission among hospitalised children and adolescents with rifampicin-resistant TB receiving treatment in South Africa’s ‘injectable-free era’Children and adolescents with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) are often hospitalised during treatment. A South African policy released in September 2018 recommended injectable-free treatment for everyone with RR-TB. We describe reasons for hospital admission among individuals <16 years of age admitted for RR-TB treatment in the injectable-free era.
Juli Switala

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All E-posters are accessible via the "E-posters" section of the conference platform until 30 November.

EP13-219-22-Six-month vital status of presumptive TB patients at 20 community health centres in UgandaPresumptive tuberculosis (TB) patients from 20 health facilities in Uganda were contacted six months after TB diagnostic evaluation to assess vital status and subsequent TB care. Patients were traced using phone numbers and address information abstracted from routine TB registers. The results showed substantial mortality among patients evaluated for TB.
Tania Reza

EP13-220-22-Pilot experience of self-administered treatment for people affected by TB in Conakry, GuineaTuberculosis (TB) incidence is estimated at 176 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in Guinea. Patients face follow-up difficulties due to recurrent infectious disease outbreaks and social unrest. The National TB Programme and Damien Foundation have piloted a self-administered treatment in order to ensure treatment adherence if circumstances hinder direct, observed treatment at a health facility.
Souleymane HASSANE HAROUNA

EP13-221-22-Pathway for TB care seeking and treatment: multicountry analysis among TB patients in Ethiopia, the Philippines and UgandaChallenges in the path to tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment vary by country and confirm the proposition that programme interventions should be tailored to the local context.  An assessment in the Philippines, Ethiopia and Uganda revealed variance in the timing between key steps in the TB cascade - health-seeking, testing and treatment initiation.
Kolawole Oyediran

EP13-222-22-Where are the men? A gender analysis of TB cases from targeted community outreaches in South-East and North-East NigeriaTargeted community outreaches for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis were conducted in 32 communities in both South-East and North-East Nigeria. We found that, despite implementing strategies to target men, the majority of attendees were women. However, more TB cases were detected among the few men present.
Chukwuebuka Ugwu

EP13-223-22-Long-term results of surgical treatment of TB patientsA comparative multivariate study, based on four years follow-up of two groups of tuberculosis (TB) patients who were treated with and without surgery, demonstrated a high efficiency of surgical treatment in terms of reducing the likelihood of adverse long-term outcomes, such as TB death, relapse and transition to chronic TB forms.
Evgeny Belilovskiy

EP13-224-22-Patient and health system barriers to and, facilitators for, TB treatment initiation: a qualitative studyTo achieve 90% tuberculosis (TB) treatment coverage, it is important to ensure patient retention along the entire cascade of care. Our work aimed to understand patient and health system barriers to treatment initiation among patients diagnosed with TB in order to develop appropriate interventions to improve linkage to TB treatment.  
Stella Zawedde-Muyanja

EP13-225-22-Benefits and harms: the double-edged sword of active TB case finding globally, a qualitative study based on expert interviewsBenefits and harms of active tuberculosis (TB) case finding globally, a qualitative study based on expert interviews. This study can help to build a roadmap of benefits and harms to further guide decision-making processes and active case finding implementation.
Raina Klueppelberg

EP13-226-22-Patient perspectives and willingness to accept incentives for TB diagnostic evaluation in UgandaWe surveyed adult patients at community health centres in Uganda to assess attitudes/perceptions and willingness to accept varying incentive values for completing tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic evaluation. Incentives are an acceptable intervention for facilitating adherence to TB diagnostic evaluation. Targeted and context-specific socioeconomic supports are needed in order to optimise outcomes among vulnerable patients.
Jillian Kadota

EP13-227-22-Determinants of delayed diagnosis and treatment of TB in Cambodia: a mixed methods studyThe individual, sociocultural and clinical determinants of delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in Cambodia have yet to be thoroughly examined. In this study, we aimed to explore the determinants of delayed diagnosis and treatment of TB in Cambodia.
Alvin Kuo Jing Teo

EP13-228-22-Initiation and management of drug-resistant TB patients as out-patients at a decentralised site shows excellent results thanks to a committed NDOH/NGO partnership in KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaIn semi-rural South Africa patients are collecting treatment for drug-resistant TB closer to home by decentralising the care to new initiation sites. New regimens are prescribed and medication is dispensed on an out-patient basis from treatment initiation date, with good results.
Liesbet Ohler

EP13-229-22-Reduced nutritional risks and improved dietary pattern among multidrug-resistant TB clients enrolled in patient-centred care in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, ChinaPatient-centred assessment, education, counselling and follow-up support to detect undernutrition early, reduce nutritional risks and improve dietary pattern among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients enrolled in patient-centred care in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
Xiaomou He

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All E-posters are accessible via the "E-posters" section of the conference platform until 30 November.

EP14-230-22-Is TB contact investigation feasible in resource-limited settings like Malawi?Tuberculosis contact investigation (TB-CI) can assist TB programmes in early detection of TB among household and close contacts. Malawi TB programme developed SoPs for TB-CI, trained frontline healthcare workers and instituted mentoring and support supervision on TB-CI. We, therefore, analysed implementation of TB-CI in Malawi from 2016 to 2019.
Henry Kanyerere

EP14-231-22-Targeted active TB case finding using mobile TB diagnostic units among key affected populations in Malawi: an innovative approach to reach the missing TB casesThis abstract demonstrates a positive impact on Malawi's innovative active tuberculosis (TB) screening intervention by using Mobile Diagnostic Units (MDU's) in high-risk, urban populations of Malawi. Lessons learned consider it as a game changer and it can be scaled-up globally to narrow the existing gap in finding the missing TB cases.  
Madalitso M'manga

EP14-232-22-Biomedical support to people affected by TB in prisons: a pilot experience in Cochabamba, BoliviaWe report on a biomedical approach in prisons for improving detection and treatment outcomes of people affected by tuberculosis (TB), which included peer support, sensitisation, diabetes screening, nutritional supplements, monthly peer support meetings and a tracking system for released inmates. This approach yields an increased number of TB confirmed and cured, compared with a period before.  
Rebeca Ledezma Almendras

EP14-233-22-Barriers to TB care among women in selected hard-to-reach areas in Southern Nigeria: a mixed method studyThis study sought to identify barriers to accessing tuberculosis (TB) services among women in hard-to-reach riverine communities in Southern Nigeria. Our findings highlight the need for more robust, gender-sensitive measures to end TB in resource-constrained settings.
Chuka Agunwa

EP14-234-22-Socioeconomic indicators predict neighborhood-level active case finding yields better than historic case notification rates in Lima, PeruWe assessed the utility of targeting (tuberculosis) TB active case finding efforts, based on areas with prior high TB case notification rates, by comparing historic case notifications with screening yields from a community-based active case finding programme using x-ray vans in Lima, Peru.
Meredith Brooks

EP14-235-22-Detection of persons with TB through innovative engagement of standalone private radiology diagnostic centres in Kaduna state, Nigeria, in 2019With low treatment coverage of 22% in Kaduna state, Nigeria, a sizeable number of people with tuberculosis (TB) are missed while patronising standalone private diagnostic centres. Tracking persons with a chest X-ray report suggestive of TB from these sites, in addition to those in the hospital-based settings, will improve TB detection. 
Dauda Samuel Hananiya

EP14-236-22-Finding the missing cases among high risk populations: Lessons from MalawiThis programme evaluation provides the effort of implementing a targeted screening of TB among high risk populations in the identification of TB missing cases in low resource settings. The implementation provides  an analysis of the cascade of TB care among high risk groups using mobile diagnostic units.
Kruger Kaswaswa

EP14-237-22-Improving access to TB services for vulnerable populations: an employer-led model demonstration in IndiaEmployers are a viable entry point to supporting populations vulnerable to tuberculosis (TB). The Employer Led Model (ELM) brought together district administration, district TB programmes and employers to demonstrate a partnership model aimed at improving awareness of TB and to increase access to services by integrating TB within the existing structure of establishments.
Anupama Srinivasan

EP14-238-22-Can mentorship and training improve the implementation of TB infection prevention and control in low-resource settings? Malawi experienceThis abstract is about an improved trend on tuberculosis (TB) infection prevention and control (IPC) indicators following the on-site mentorship and training intervention employed by Malawi National TB Control Programme (NTP). NTP-Malawi revised its TB IPC guidelines to adopt the World Health Organization guidelines in 2015. The programme reviewed the performance trend from 2015 to 2019.
Lameck Mlauzi

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All E-posters are accessible via the "E-posters" section of the conference platform until 30 November.

EP15-239-22-Schoolchildren as TB ambassadors played crucial role in fighting TB epidemic by disseminating messages of symptoms and free treatment in five districts in OdishaSchoolchildren as tuberculosis (TB) ambassadors played a crucial role in fighting the TB epidemic by disseminating messages of symptoms and free treatment among their peers, family members and neighbourhood in five National TB Programme districts of Odisha. The low cost intervention/model proved beneficial to the target population in containing TB infection and disease control.
Gayadhar Mallick

EP15-240-22-Under fives TB case finding in hard-to-reach areas - a case for MalawiThis abstract narrates the importance of integration of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in the management of childhood illnesses in hard-to- reach areas in Malawi. Capacity building sessions by village clinic providers and provision of recording and reporting tools for daily use enhances the identification of children who are at risk of TB. 
Paul Chiwenkha

EP15-241-22-Caregivers’ beliefs in anti-TB medicines in the African/Indian SHINE trialWe explored beliefs in medicines among the carers of children on anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment (ATT) in India, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia. This was a substudy of the SHINE trial. Caregivers reported positive belief in ATT and low negative beliefs about medicine in general.
Jessica Workman

EP15-242-22-Active TB case finding in refugee camps: a right for allThis abstract narrates the positive findings on an intervention that has been implemented by volunteers in refugees camps in Malawi. The intervention focused on capacity building and motivating volunteers in tuberculosis (TB) activities.  Good collaboration and co-ordination between volunteers and health workers has shown to find missed cases in vulnerable communities.
Beatrice Mtotha_Nindi

EP15-243-22-Community volunteers: what motivates them to be part of the TB world?Community-based volunteers play a very crucial role in tuberculosis (TB) activities. In 2017, Malawi National TB Control Progamme trained volunteers in awareness creation, advocacy, sputum collection, and transportation and TB screening. Different enablers were provided to the volunteers. We, therefore, analysed the drop-out rate of these volunteers, reasons for dropping out and their needs.
Henry Kanyerere

EP15-244-22-Role of community health workers in patient-centred care for TBIntensifying community-based tuberculosis (TB) services through community health workers showed better results in increased case notification, maintaining a high treatment success rate and DOTS expansion through a patient-centred approach. It also made it easier to introduce any potential interventions successfully.
Sardar Munim Ibna Mohsin

EP15-245-22-Addressing diagnosis delay in TB patients through engagement of Lady Health Workers in PakistanTuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in Pakistan. Due to a high incidence of upper respiratory infections with overlapping symptoms, particularly productive cough, delay in diagnosis of TB is quite common. Engagement of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) can lead to early diagnosis of TB in rural communities. 
Aamna Rashid

EP15-246-22-The road mapping of the community contribution in the battle to end TB in SenegalIn Senegal, the participation of community-based organisations in the fight against tuberculosis (TB) has shown that community engagement can be a sustainable solution to end TB, especially in low-setting countries.
Alpha Diallo

EP15-247-22-Engaging dairy co-operatives to support TB patients: a pilot from rural Bihar, IndiaActive community institutions like dairy co-operatives can be a vehicle to involve citizens in tuberculosis (TB) response. Beyond awareness, it can result in support to the patient, their families and to health workers.
Manish Bhardwaj

EP15-248-22-Stakeholder perceptions on the ethics, transparency and fairness of clustered trial randomisationWe conducted cluster randomisation for a tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic trial at a public randomisation ceremony attended by site staff and national TB programme representatives. The two-step randomisation process required active stakeholder participation and engagement. Survey responses suggest that public randomisation ceremonies may help to cultivate stakeholder engagement and increase trust in randomisation.
Talemwa Nalugwa

EP15-249-22-Tribal Action Plan Fund utilisation under NTP: how does Chhattisgarh state, in India, fare to improve programme performance?Tribal Action Plan Fund utilisation under National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme: how does Chhattisgarh state, in India, fare on spending to improve National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTP) performance by its budgeted Tribal Action Fund for its beneficiaries?
Gayadhar Mallick

EP15-250-22-TB in the shadow of COVID-19: India's media coverage of TB during the COVID-19 pandemicThe media plays a crucial role in setting the public health agenda by raising public awareness and building discourses that make or break governments’ policy implementation. A brief evaluation of the media coverage of tuberculosis (TB) in 2020 was conducted to document the discourse around TB before, and during, the COVID-19 pandemic.
Almas Shamim

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EP16-251-22-Standardised framework for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of TB case finding and treatment initiation projectsInterventions that streamline and reduce gaps in the tuberculosis (TB) care cascade can play crucial roles in TB control efforts. However, such interventions are often operationally complex and resource intensive. There is a need to better understand their costs and cost-effectiveness to support decisions for future funding, strategic adoption and programme scale-up.
Isabella Gomes

EP16-252-22-Interferon gamma release assay is a cost-effective option for provision of TB preventive therapy in high-burden, resource-limited settingsCost-effectiveness analysis is needed to inform the adoption of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for diagnosing latent tuberculosis (TB) in resource-limited settings. A feasibility study in Uganda shows that IGRA is cost-effective per TB disease and infection averted and, therefore, a viable option for resource-limited settings.
Simon Muchuro

EP16-253-22-Pretreatment costs for TB patients: results from an observational cohort study in Johannesburg, South AfricaTuberculosis (TB) patients the world over are faced not only with the infection itself, but also the medical and non-medical costs associated with seeking care. This abstract describes the direct (out-of-pocket) payment that patients incur before TB treatment initiation as well as highlights the sequence of providers seen.
Kamban Hirasen

EP16-254-22-The costs of providing TB services in healthcare facilities in Kenya: a case for investment to end TBThe Kenyan National Tuberculosis (TB), Leprosy and Lung Disease Program conducted a comprehensive costing study for tuberculosis (TB) service delivery. The unit costs for all TB interventions and services will inform future budgeting processes and national strategic planning in Kenya.
Angela Kairu

EP16-255-22-The cost of reaching agricultural workers for TB prevention and treatment services in South AfricaGiven occupational exposures and distances from health facilities, agricultural workers are at special risk for tuberculosis (TB) in South Africa. We implemented a community and workplace-based outreach, screening and adherence support intervention. This model offers a cost-efficient solution for active case finding among key populations.
Alexander Moran

EP16-256-22-Cost-effectiveness analysis of three tuberculosis (TB) case detection methods implemented in South West Nigeria State of Lagos, Oyo and OsunIt is a cross-sectional study designed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three different tuberculosis (TB) case detection methods in South West Nigeria. Household contact tracing with routine passive case detection is the most cost-effective approach to detect new TB cases, compared with house-to-house campaign and private facility incentive methods.
Muse Olatunbosun Fadeyi

EP16-257-22-An evaluation of the feasibility and costs associated with a private sector engagement pilot for pharmacies in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet NamPharmacies represent the initial care seeking point for a large proportion of people with tuberculosis (TB), yet this category of providers had not been systematically engaged in Viet Nam. We evaluated the feasibility and costs of a pharmacy engagement pilot which used the SwipeRx social networking app to make diagnostic referrals.
Tran Phuong TM

EP16-258-22-Cost-effectiveness analysis of nine-month MDR-TB treatment regimen as evaluated within the STREAM trial. Further presentation of differences in food supplement spending and working hours disaggregated by sexThe STREAM 1 trial demonstrated that the short regimen reduced health system costs and was associated with an earlier return to work and a reduction in supplementary food spending. We are now presenting the food supplement and working hours data, dissagregated by sex, and the probabilistic estimates of the likelihood that the short regimen is cost-effective.
Laura Rosu

EP16-259-22-Cost analysis of the diagnostic cascade among patients with presumed pulmonary TB searching for care at a public health centre in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilThe reduction of socioeconomic inequities is a priority for the elimination of tuberculosis (TB).  We aimed to analyse the direct and indirect costs incurred in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB among patients with presumed TB searching for care at a public health centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.     
Adriana da Silva Rezende Moreira

EP16-260-22-Setting chest X-ray abnormality thresholds to conduct validation of artificial intelligence vendors and ensure targeted and cost-effective GeneXpert testing for abnormal X-ray personsIn settings where artificial intelligence (AI) is used as a screening aid, the probability of having tuberculosis (TB) determines if a patient will be referred for GeneXpert testing. Setting the right probability threshold can validate AI software and ensure the minimum number of tests are conducted to find the maximum number of patients.
Akash Malhotra

EP16-261-22-Charging user fees is not a predictor of the number of TB cases detected among private health facilities in NigeriaThe United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Plus SHOPS (Sustaining Health Outcomes through Private Sector) Nigeria initiative supports screening and testing tuberculosis (TB) clients in clinical facilities to increase access to care through the private sector. Facilities are allowed to charge for care. We hypothesised that charging fees is not associated with higher/lower TB case detection and used programme data to validate.
Bolanle Olusola-Faleye

EP16-262-22-Cost-effectiveness analysis of proposed TB diagnostic algorithm using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification among presumptive TB patients in the PhilippinesThis paper is an economic evaluation study of different diagnostic tools used among healthcare facilities under the tuberculosis (TB) control programme in the Philippines. DSSM as the conventional method, GeneXpert a rapid molecular test and PURE-TB LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) as a novel molecular point of care test.
Rosarie Villabito Gabuya

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EP17-263-22-Overcoming challenges of sample transportation for TB testing during COVID-19 lock down, March-April 2020: an interventional study in Telangana, IndiaThe diagnostic services in tuberculosis (TB) were hampered during the COVID-19 lock down. This in turn will reduced early detection of drug-resistant TB. By utilising the available resources, such as the 104 ambulance vans at district level, the challenge of sample transportation and, thus diagnosis, of drug-resistant TB has been addressed.
sumalata Chittiboyina

EP17-264-22-TB patients through telecommunication in COVID-19 situation: BRAC experienceEvery day around 600 COVID-19 cases are diagnosed, which may increase if sample testing capacity can increase. The world is fighting to end infectious diseases. Planned and effective utilisation of resources can ensure uninterrupted tuberculosis (TB) service. However, to increase TB cases finding in a lock down situation is very challenging.
Md Abul Khair Basher

EP17-265-22-Physically distant but still in contact: telephonic counselling for rifampicin-resistant TB patients in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemicCOVID-19 threatens to undermine progress in the global tuberculosis (TB) response by disrupting routine TB services. Here, we describe telephonic counselling offered to rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) patients in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some early benefits include support to address patients’ adherence problems and reduced patient costs in seeking RR-TB care.
Erika Mohr-Holland

EP17-266-22-Programmatic adaptations to the treatment of rifampicin-resistant TB infection in children and adolescents during COVID-19Post-exposure management services were modified in view of COVID-19. The strategy for recalling asymptomatic contacts was revised. Contacts identified as high risk were screened and initiated on treatment during a home visit or at a facility with infection control practices. Multi-month medication refills were provided; follow-up was conducted telephonically.
Erika Mohr-Holland

EP17-267-22-Collaboration in TB and COVID-19 control in Bungoma CountyThe World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel COVID-19 as a global pandemic. COVID-19 has several health system challenges which directly or indirectly affect tuberculosis (TB) services. Complementary COVID-19 and TB response is critical during this pandemic. Both diseases can utilise the capacity building efforts, surveillance and monitoring systems put in place.
Paul Lodi

EP17-268-22-Connecting the DOTS during the COVID-19 pandemic: using community structures and the private sector to establish linkages for increased TB case detection in NigeriaTo optimise social and behaviour change (SBC) efforts amidst COVID-19 restrictions and to sustain tuberculosis (TB) case identification and service delivery in the private sector, SHOPS Plus Nigeria (Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector) adjusted its SBC strategy to a community-led approach, comprised of patent and proprietary medicine vendors, community structures (mosques and churches) and private clinics.
Ayodele Iroko